Master Morality vs. Slave Morality Neiztche - 867 Words

Master Morality vs. Slave Morality: Neiztche Wikipedia defines morality as â€Å"a system of principles and judgments based on cultural, religious, and philosophical concepts and beliefs, by which humans determine whether given actions are right or wrong.† (Wikipedia Morality) Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, a German philosopher thought up of the idea that there are two moralities; The master and slave morality. These define a person by there actions to there world around them and how they handle certain situations they encounter throughout their natural life. I believe he chose these two because they seem to be strong opposites and there are rational. The first morality Nietzsche writes about is the master morality. Nietzsche defined†¦show more content†¦The slave regards the virtues of beauty, power, strength and wealth as â€Å"evil† in an act of revenge against those who have them in abundance. Slave morality is therefore a reactionary morality because â₠¬Å"good† does not spring creatively from the individual but develops as a negation of the values of the powerful (Wikipedia). The good person would questions his own worth by thinking about the evil in which would be defining the two as good and evil. Opposingly, the bad would consider what was good. So, slave morality is defined by â€Å"good† and â€Å"evil† while master morality is defined by â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad.† Nietzsche remarks on how different the concepts of â€Å"evil† and â€Å"bad† are, in spite of both being considered the opposite of â€Å"good.† He explains this difference by explaining that there are two very different concepts of â€Å"good† at work: The noble man’s â€Å"good† is precisely what the man of ressentiment calls â€Å"evil† (Alderman). One of the main themes Nietzsche wrote about was how the master morality the foundation to the ancient romans, and that this moral ity disappeared as the slave morality of Christianity spread through ancient Rome. Nietzsche was concerned with the state of European culture during his natural life and therefore focused much of his study on the history of master and slave morality within Europe.

Engineering Is A Dynamic And Diverse Field Of Study

Engineering is a dynamic and diverse field of study that opens many doors to exciting careers throughout the world. The first question students normally ask when considering engineering as a career is what do engineers do? which can be considered an unanswerable question as Engineers perform a multitude of jobs. Perhaps a more appropriate question would be what do engineers learn? which can be answered with much more ease. Engineering students in different departments won t take all the same courses, for example, a chemical engineering student will be taking chemistry courses while an electrical engineering student will be taking electrical courses. However, every discipline overlaps with another, which can be seen on the engineering disciplines tree. In addition, some courses are required to be taken by every engineering student no matter the faculty they re in. There is also an option for engineering students to achieve an additional degree such as a business degree, but this requi res the student to be enrolled in supplementary courses. It is nearly impossible to give an exact job description of a chemical engineer as there is an array of different employment options. Chemical engineering specialises in the conversion of raw materials into consumer products. The chemical engineering program teaches students how to complete tasks that include the design and use chemical reactors. Chemical reactors manipulate a chemical reaction to its maximum efficiency in order toShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose996 Words   |  4 Pagesprinciples, methodologies, tools and practices in the field of finance. It is this challenging field in which I would like to gain expertise. 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There is no denying that fact that computers are an integral part of our life andRead MoreMechanical Design Of Mechanical Engineering1537 Words   |  7 PagesMechanical engineering is a diverse subject that consists of the ability to design and manufacture everything from miniscule parts to large machines and projects. The objective of a mechanical engineer is to take a product from an idea and publish it. This goal is reached by obtaining a range of skills and knowledge. People who are striving to become mechanical engineers need to comprehend the powers and the warm environment that an item, its parts, or its subsystems will experience; to outline themRead MoreStatement of Purpose to Pursue my Masters in Masters in Automotive from Windsor University of Ontario786 Words   |  3 Pagesfascinated me and had left an indelible impression on my mind to envisage my goals and aims ahead. 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The objective of our trip was to conduct field assessments and explore solutions to improve the energy access situation in the village. Buayan had a micro-hydro energy system

“Death of a Salesman” by Arthur Miller Free Essays

A play in which the title is significant but not obviously so is â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller. In â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Miller explores the capitalism of 1940s America and how the American Dream does not benefit everyone in the business world. Willy Loman, the main character in the play, became a salesman after the death of another elderly salesman who could make money without leaving his hotel room. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was this salesman and how well liked he was that inspired Willy to become a salesman as he wanted to be well liked as Dave Singleman. Willy mentions on multiple occasions how well liked he was and that at his own funeral he wanted many people to be present as they had been at Dave Singleman’s funeral â€Å"When he died, hundreds of salesmen and buyers were at his funeral. † Like Dave Singleman Willy wanted people to come from all over the country to mourn him this sympathy towards him as this is a highly unlikely situation and he therefore is setting himself and his family into a deluded scene that will never be witnessed. Similar essay: Realism and Expressionism in Death of a Salesman Willy also wants to die the honourable death, which he now associates with being a salesman as he idolises Dave Singleman â€Å"He died the death of a salesman, in his green velvet slippers†¦ † However at the conclusion of the play it is clear that Willy Loman did not die the honourable death he so desired as no one from the business world arrived at his funeral only his wife, two sons, Charley and Bernard were present which also demonstrates how deluded Willy was in the life he led as he honestly believed his funeral would be of a similar scale to Dave Singleman’s. This evokes sympathy towards Willy as he did not die his ideal death of a salesman and seems to live by measuring how successful people are by the size of their funeral and therefore his own funeral reflects truly how unsuccessful his career as a salesman was. In â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Willy suffers a metaphorical death, the death of his dream of financial success. By the plays conclusion Willy is jobless and broke. Willy has a conversation with his brother Ben, who has been dead for some time, and concludes the best future for his family, especially Biff whom Willy is desperate to become successful, would be for him to kill himself as the insurance company would pay out $20, 000, enough to make Biff successful in Willy’s mind, â€Å"you end up worth more dead than alive. The irony of Willy killing himself is that he is killing himself to give Biff money in order for him to become a successful business man however the insurance company will not make a payout for suicide and Biff has no intention of following in his father’s footsteps. This evokes sympathy for Willy as he is trying to do the best for his family however he still cannot provide for them even through his death. During the play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† the title is significant as there is a physical death of a salesman in the respect that Willy dies and he is a salesman. Through killing himself Willy hopes to provide the financial support, which he has been failing to gain for many years, for his family that is required. The death of Willy is not honourable as he desires and is sorry ending to his unsuccessful life in business. In conclusion the title of the play is significant as it in further understanding of the events, which occur in the play. Miller uses the title to convey both a physical and metaphorical death and in order for the reader to understand the ending to their full capability. How to cite â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller, Essay examples

Ethical Dilemma in Legislation of Euthanasia

Question: Discuss about the Report for Ethical Dilemma in Legislation of Euthanasia. Answer: Ethics is the science relating to moral actions and ones value system. Nursing ethics deals with principles or morality in patient care (Basavanthappa,2003). An ethical dilemma occurs in all the settings of the hospital and the nurse has to select either of the option by considering ethical principles. Euthanasia in palliative care setting is more common as it has the terminally ill patients. Some patient may request and some may not accept euthanasia. Euthanasia should never be practiced until patient request it. There is No Right, No Wrong in Euthanasia. Ethical Dilemma in Legislation of Euthanasia Ethics has to do with action we wish people would take, not actions they must take- (Basavanthappa,2003, p 10). The ethics are nothing but the rules and principles that influence the conduct of a person. Basically it deals with deciding what is good or bad for the people. Nurses do follow nursing ethics which guides them in patient care. It also states the duties of nurses in regard to clients care and provides professional standards for nursing practice. Albert Camus (n.d.) said, A man without ethics is a wild beast loosed this world. Nurses who care for the patient always land up with an ethical dilemma as like standing on the wall so as to fall either in red sea or in black sea. An ethical dilemma is a situation that enables a nurse to decide between two options which are desirable or not. Nurses encounterethical dilemmas daily in wherever hospitals or health care centers they practice (Basavanthappa,2003, Fant, 2012). There is no correct solution to any of the ethical dilemma (Mi tchell, 2015). The ethical issues in palliative care often arise related to the worsening signs and symptoms such as uncontrollable pain, severe breathing difficulty and the method of treatment for the terminally ill patient. The end of life issues also arise due to the cultural aspect of the patient. Ethical dilemma usually arises in case of giving euthanasia for patients in palliative care. Euthanasia (good death) means the deliberately killing a terminally ill patient to put the out of their misery and sufferings (Ologies, 2008, medical dictionary). Euthanasia should never be practiced as the life is the most precious and no person has any rights to kill a person until he/she dies naturally. There is often conflict between the medical professionals as to practice euthanasia or not and at what times it has to be practiced (Eric, 2016). So, this essay will discuss against the legislation of euthanasia in Australia especially in palliative care. Today, the world has become increasingly complex and man faces troubles in all the aspects. Ethical issues often arise at the end of life of a person. These issues often frighten the people about their death. Dorobuchi (2014) states that an ethical dilemma is a critical situation that often arises which requires the intellectual, moral and ethical standard in a particular situation for a person. As per the definition, the nurses have to use these standards to make a proper decision. We know that ethical dilemma is a problem without a proper resolution. The definition for ethics varies from a nurse to a nurse and settings they practice. There are many ethical issues that the nurses can encounter in the workplace. Ethical dilemma often arises in palliative care settings as it has terminally ill patients such as cancer patients, HIV/AIDs, neurological patients, etc. the nurses faces moral and legal issues in these settings. The World health Organization has defined that palliative care is an approach to improve the quality of life of patients and their families with problems associated with life-threatening illness by treating pain and alleviating sufferings (WHO, 1988, Norval, 2008, Brown, 2015).The nurses those who are taking care of palliative care patients encounter ethical, legal and moral issues. The practice of euthanasia is legal in few countries. In Australia, it was considered as illegal, but it was legalized for some period of time in theNorthern Territory (Ebrahimi, 2012). In 1995, the Northern Territory of Australia has passed an act for the terminally ill patients as The Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (ROTI) to protect the patients rights (Woodruff, 1999). But it did not come into effect due to some legal challenges. In March, 1997 it was repealed by the Australian country. The law in Australia is unclear (Komesaroff, 2015). Euthanasia poses an ethical dilemma in palliative care (Macleod, 2015, Deborah, 2014). It is always said that a nurse is not trained to end but to save patients life. In recent years due to increased technology, the development of palliative care, use of pain management techniques and effective use of terminal sedation has reduced the need for euthanasia (Woodruff, 1999, Deborah, 2014). In a report given by Waddell (1996), it is noted that 86% of the public chose palliative care, 9% chose physician-assisted suicide and only 5% chose euthanasia when palliative care was given as an option to the public. Is euthanasia a right or a wrong practice for a terminally ill patient? Yes, its definitely a wrong practice. Euthanasia is also called as mercy killing, happy death or painless death (Close, 2014). Euthanasia is defined as a deliberate method used to end the life of a patient so as to relieve the suffering of a patient (Walton, 1995). A study conducted by Graber (1999) identifies that 8% of the people will not consult the physicians if they performed euthanasia. Euthanasia has many types as voluntary, involuntary and active, passive type. Voluntary means euthanasia performed at the request or consent of terminally ill patients otherwise it is called as non-voluntary type. Active type involves injecting medications to directly bring the patients to death with or without patients consent whereas in passive euthanasia they bring the death by withdrawal of means of life support such as IV fluids, ventilator, etc (Bartels, 2010). In 1996, Emanuel identified that 27% of the public and 19% of cancer patients will change their physician if know that he/she practiced euthanasia (Emanuel, 1996). The nurses should take decisions by considering their ethical principles, code of ethics, professional standards, their beliefs, thought, experiences and personal values. They have to take decisions by following the ethical principle always by using an ethical framework. This ethical framework is consisting of the ethical principles as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, truth telling and justice (Woodruff, 1999). It is very important to have a framework to deal with the ethical crises. Autonomy means self determining action. It involves an ethical action taken by allowing the patient to make decisions independently. The most important fundamental ethical principle in health care setting is giving respect for clients individual autonomy. In South Australia, consent should be got from the patient before medical treatment which is supported by Consent to Medical Treatment and Palliative Care Act1995 (Woodruff, 1999). Euthanasia should be based on patients choice. As the patient has right of autonomy, they can also request for voluntary euthanasia. But we have to inform them that the palliative measures are available and medications are available to symptoms such as severe pain, anxiety, dyspnea, insomnia, etc (Chao, 2002). It should never be legalized. Patterson (2005) argues that most of the terminally ill patients might not have sound mind to take decision about euthanasia and so autonomy may not used. Beneficence defines as doing some good for the patient. Basically, this principle includes the four following components as a nurse should not cause any harm to a patient, should prevent harm, remove harm and promote good. Euthanasia may benefit in case of severe pain or illness to alleviate suffering (Woodruff, 1999). But sometimes medications could be given to minimize these symptoms and could prevent euthanasia. Non maleficence refers as not to do harm and to prevent harm for the patient which is a fundamental duty of the health care professionals. The term harm includes physical, psychological and social injury. This principle prohibits the practice of euthanasia to terminally ill patients until they request voluntarily. The principle of justice refers to fairness or equality. It is the basic principle that each person has equal right to the liberty available to everyone. Medical professionals should treat all the patients equally based on the patients need (Woodruff, 1999). Truth telling (veracity) means telling truth always. It involves getting informed consent by informing their condition to the patient. If the patient gives consent for euthanasia, it has to be practiced. It is the basis for effective interpersonal relationship between nurse and the patient. It is a difficult situation for the nurses so as to inform their condition or not (Bandman, 2002). The medical professionals should inform the patients about the available life saving measures to save the life of the patient. Euthanasia is not at all a solution for any of the palliative care patients. Recent technologies have improved pain management strategies and methods to prolong life of a patient (Woodruff, 1999, Gorsuch, 2009). A nurse has to explain the patient about the available methods of treatment and help them to avoid euthanasia. A nurse has to function according to Nightingales pledge which states that nurses should provide patient care with conscience and dignity. Basically the practice of euthanasia is considered as illegal as it violates the moral belief of a patient. Yet it could be practiced at certain circumstances at the request of a patient and if living is more dangerous than dying. Euthanasia is akin to murder (Ebrahimi, 2012). Some might even go as far as to suggest that anything less than aggressive treatment and all available means to save and prolong life are also murderous acts. Once legalized, euthanasia will be increasingly performed on those even with less severe pain, distress or disability. An activity will become a habit which modifies the character and becomes a destiny of the person. Therefore euthanasia should never be practiced unless requested by the patients. Reference Bandman, E. (2002). Nursing Ethics Through the Life Span. (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bartels, L. (2010). A right to die? Euthanasia and the law in Australia: J Law Med. 17(4):532-55. Basavanthappa.(2003). Nursing Administration: 10. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=8171796710 Brown, M. (2015).Palliative Care in Nursing and Healthcare. Retrieved from https://www.booktopia.com.au/palliative-care-in-nursing-and-healthcare-michelle-brown/prod9781446295694.html Camus, A. (n. d.). Ethics Quotes/ Brainy Quote. Retrieved from www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/ethics.html Chao, D.V.K. (2002). Euthanasia revisited: Family Practice Oxford Journals. Retrieved from fampra.oxfordjournals.org Oxford Journals Medicine Health Family Practice. Close. (2014). Assisted Dying. Retrieved from https://www.booktopia.com.au/assisted-dying-lesley-close/prod9780720610147.html Deborah, (2014). Palliative Care Nursing: Quality Care to the End of Life. Retrieved from https://www.booktopia.com.au/palliative-care-nursing-deborah-witt-sherman/prod9780826196354.html. Ebrahimi, N. (2012). The ethics of euthanasia: Australian Medical Student Journal, 3(1). Retrieved from www.amsj.org/archives/2066. Eric, K. (2016). Ethical issues in palliative care - Up-to-date. Retrieved from www.uptodate.com/contents/ethical-issues-in-palliative-care. Euthanasia: definition of euthanasia by Medical dictionary. Retrieved from medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/euthanasia. Fant, (2012). Major Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing- Nurse Together. com. Retrieved from www.nursetogether.com/ethical-dilemmas-in-nursing. Gorsuch. (2009). The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia. Retrieved from https://www.booktopia.com.au/the-future-of-assisted-suicide-and-euthanasia-neil-m-gorsuch/prod9780691140971.html. Komesaroff, P.A. (2015). A minimalist legislative solution to the problem of euthanasia: Medical Journal of Australia. Retrieved from https://www.mja.com.au/ journal/.../minimalist-legislative-solution-problem-euthanasia Macleod, R. (2015). The Palliative Care Handbook: Guidelines for Clinical Management and Symptom Control. Retrieved from https://www.booktopia.com.au/the-palliative-care-handbook-rod-macleod/prod9780987582874.html. Mitchell,C. (2015). No solution to euthanasia: Medical Journal of Australia, 18(18). doi: 05.2016. Norval, D. (2008). Ethical decisions in end- of-life care: Continuing Medical Education. Retrieved from www.cmej.org.za/index.php/cmej/article/download/1218/962. Patterson, R. (2005). Euthanasia and assisted suicide: A liberal approach versus the traditional moral view: J Law Med. 12(4):494-510. Waddell, C.(1996). Treatment decision-making at the end of life : a survey of Australian doctors' attitudes towards patients' wishes and euthanasia: Med J Aust. 165 : 540-4 WHO. (1988). WHO Definition of Palliative Care. Retrieved from www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en/ Woodruff. (1999). Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide Are They Clinically Necessary?. Retrieved from https://hospicecare.com/resources/ethical-issues/essays-and-articles-on-ethics-in-palliative-care/euthanasia-and-physician-assisted-suicide-are-they-clinically-necessary/